%Menota_entities;] > Outside of Rome, crossing Marino Carvajal Transcription by Eva Álvarez Vázquez Translation by Eva Álvarez Vázquez Introduction by Albert Lloret Encoded in TEI P5 XML by Danny Smith The Global Medieval Sourcebook

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This poem is a serranilla, an evolution of the Provençal pastorela. Written in short verse (arte menor), serranillas narrate a courtly poet’s encounter with a mountain woman. This is one of six compositions in the genre by fifteenth-century author Carvajal (or Carvajales). Very little is known about Carvajal’s life. His poetry is linked to the court of Alfonso the Magnanimous in Naples (r. 1442-1458) and to that of Alfonso’s son Ferrante (r. 1459-1494). In addition to his famous serranillas, Carvajal is also known for his literary epistles and ballads.

In this poem, the poet meets a monstrous mountain woman whom he describes in a grotesque fashion. It has been interpreted as a satirical rewriting of one of the serrana episodes of Juan Ruiz’s Libro de buen amor (stanzas 1006-21). The Libro de buen amor (1330/1343) is one of the masterpieces of medieval Castilian literature, a heterogenous, polysemous and oftentimes parodic text in which the narrator gives an account of his love life.

The poem is copied in Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, VITR/17/7, fol. 136v-137r. This manuscript is a copy of the poetry collection known as the Cancionero de Estúñiga, ca. 1465. It has been digitized: http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000051837. It contains a compilation of mostly Castilian poems, including ballads, as well as a few Italian compositions. Their authors accompanied the King of Aragon, Alfonso the Magnanimous, in Naples in the mid-fifteenth century.

Carvajal. Poesie. Edited by Emma Scoles. Edizioni dell’Ateneo, 1967. Critical edition of Carvajal’s poetry.

Gerli, E. Michael. “Chapter 6. The Libro in the Cancioneros.” Reading, Performing, and Imagining the ‘Libro del Arcipreste’. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. esp. pp. 194-203. Reassessment of Caravajal’s serranilla in view of their intertextual relationship with the Libro de buen amor.

Marino, Nancy F. La serranilla española: notes para su historia e interpretación. Scripta Humanistica, 1987. Study of the serranilla genre, with attention to Carvajal’s poems in chapter 5.

Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, VITR/17/7, fol. 157r.

Partiendo de Roma, passando Marino Outside of Rome, crossing Marino

"Outside of Rome, crossing Marino" is published by The Global Medieval Sourcebook (GMS), a free, open access, and open source compendium of medieval texts in their original languages and in English translation. GMS comprises computer-readable transcriptions or editions alongside new translations of texts dating from the ninth to the sixteenth century and originating in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The GMS platform includes critical introductions as well as sources for further reading.

Transcriptions and translations are encoded in XML conforming to TEI (P5) guidelines. The original-language text is contained within <lem> tags and translations within <rdg> tags.

Texts are translated into modern American English with maximum fidelity to the original text, except where it would impair comprehension or good style. Archaisms are preserved where they do not conflict with the aesthetic of the original text. Scribal errors and creative translation choices are marked and discussed in the critical notes.

The text has been punctuated. Word separation and capitalization follow modern usage. Elisions have been marked with an apostrophe.

 <app> <lem wit="#Transcription"><!--Title as should be displayed above text. Put nothing here if the title in the text matches the title used elsewhwere--></lem> <rdg wit="#Translation"><!--Title as should be displayed above text. Put nothing here if the title in the text matches the title used elsewhwere--></rdg> </app> Partiendo de Roma, passando Marino Outside of Rome, crossing Marino, fuera del monte, en una grand plana, Out of the woods, in a large plain, executando tras un puerco espino, Chasing a porcupine, a muy grandes saltos uenia la serrana. The mountain woman came [to me] in big leaps. Vestida muy corta de panno de eruage, Dressed in a short coarse woolen cloth, la rucia cabeça traya tresquilada, Her gray hair she had sheared, las piernas pelosas bien como saluage, Her legs were hairy like those of a savage, los dientes muy luengos, la fruente arrugada; Her teeth were very long, her forehead was wrinkled, las tetas disformes atras las lançaua, Her deformed tits were swinging backwards, calva, çeiunta et muy nariguda, Bald, unibrow, with such a big nose, tuerta de un oio, ynbifia, barbuda, Blind in one eye, hunchbacked, bearded, galindos los pies que diablo semblaua. Her feet all twisted, she looked like a devil.